Data sources
SAP with XQL
SAP access is defined via XQL. XQL is a simple description language. The following explains how you can use XQL in SAP to access RFC function modules, reports, tables, cubes, and queries. In order not to make things too complicated, this page contains as many examples as possible and less a formal description of XQL.
Table Access
XtractQL
:= (SelectCommand | ExecuteCommand | DescribeCommand)
SelectCommand
:= "SELECT" [SelectResult] SelectFieldList "FROM" (SelectQuery | SelectQueryBW
| SelectTable)
SelectResult
:= "TOP" Integer ["SKIP" Integer]
SelectFieldList
:= "*" | (SelectField {"," SelectField})
SelectField
:= (Identifier | String | StringPassThrough) ["AS" (Identifier | String |
StringPassThrough)]
SelectQuery
:= "QUERY" String [Into] ["WHERE" SelectQueryCriteria {","
SelectQueryCriteria}] ["USING" String]
SelectQueryBW
:= "BWQUERY" String [Into] ["WHERE" SelectQueryCriteria {"," SelectQueryCriteria}]
SelectQueryCriteria
:= Identifier (("EQ" | "NE" | GT" | "LT" | "GE" | "LE" | "MP") (String | Variable) | ("IN" "(" SelectQueryCriteriaRange {[","] SelectQueryCriteriaRange} ")") | ("BT" (String | Variable) "AND" (String | Variable)))
SelectQueryCriteriaRange
:= "(" (("I" | "INCLUDE") | ("E" | "EXCLUDE")) "," (("EQ" | "NE" | GT" | "LT" | "GE" | "LE") | "LIKE") "," (String | Variable) ["," (String | Variable)] ")"
SelectTable
:= ["TABLE"] (String | Identifier) [Into] ["WHERE" SelectTableWhereExpression]) [WithOptions{CUSTOMFUNCTIONNAME}]
SelectTableWhereExpression
:= SelectTableWhereTerm {("AND" | "OR") SelectTableWhereTerm}
SelectTableWhereTerm
:= SelectTableWhereFactor | ("(" SelectTableWhereExpression ")")
SelectTableWhereFactor
:= Identifier (SelectTableWhereFactorOperator | SelectTableWhereFactorNull | (["NOT"] (SelectTableWhereFactorLike | SelectTableWhereFactorBetween | SelectTableWhereFactorIn)))
SelectTableWhereFactorOperator
:= ("EQ" | "NE" | "LT" | "GT" | "LE" | "GE") SelectTableWhereFactorValue
SelectTableWhereFactorNull
:= "IS" ["NOT"] "NULL"
SelectTableWhereFactorLike
:= "LIKE" (String | Variable)
SelectTableWhereFactorBetween
:= "BETWEEN" SelectTableWhereFactorValue "AND" SelectTableWhereFactorValue
SelectTableWhereFactorIn
:= "IN" "(" String {"," String} ")"
SelectTableWhereFactorValue
:= String | Integer | Number | Variable | Identifier
ExecuteCommand
:= "EXECUTE" (ExecuteMDX | ExecuteFunction)
ExecuteMDX
:= "MDX" StringPassThrough [Into]
ExecuteFunction
:= "FUNCTION" String [(Imports | Exports | Tables) {(Imports | Exports | Tables)}]
Imports
:= ("IMPORTS" | "IMPORTING") ImportsParameter {"," ImportsParameter}
ImportsParameter
:= Variable "=" Identifier
Exports
:= ("EXPORTS" | "EXPORTING") ExportsParameter {"," ExportsParameter}
ExportsParameter
:= Identifier "=" (String | Integer | Number | Variable)
Tables
:= "TABLES" TablesParameter {"," TablesParameter}
TablesParameter
:= Identifier ["=" (Variable | Table)] [Into]
Table
:= "(" TableMaps [","] TableValues {[","] TableValues} ")"
TableMaps
:= "(" Identifier {"," Identifier} ")"
TableValues
:= "(" String {"," String} ")"
DescribeCommand
:= "DESCRIBE" (DescribeTable | DescribeQuery | DescribeQueryBW | DescribeFunction | DescribeStructure) [Into]
DescribeTable
:= "TABLE" ((String ["GET" "FIELDS"]) | DescribeTableCatalog)
DescribeTableCatalog
:= "CATALOG" "WHERE" "TABLENAME" ("EQ" | "LIKE") String
DescribeQuery
:= "QUERY" (DescribeQueryGet | DescribeQueryCatalog | DescribeQueryUserGroup)
DescribeQueryGet
:= String "GET" ("FIELDS" | "VARIANTS" | "SELECTION-PARAMETERS")
DescribeQueryCatalog
:= "CATALOG" "WHERE" DescribeQueryCatalogParameter {"," DescribeQueryCatalogParameter}
DescribeQueryCatalogParameter
:= DescribeQueryWorkspace | ("USERGROUP" ("EQ" | "LIKE") String) | ("QUERYNAME" ("EQ" | "LIKE") String)
DescribeQueryUserGroup
:= "USERGROUP" "WHERE" DescribeQueryWorkspace
DescribeQueryWorkspace
:= "WORKSPACE" "EQ" String{G,S,GLOBAL,STANDARD}
DescribeQueryBW
:= "BWQUERY" (DescribeQueryBWGet | DescribeQueryBWCatalog)
DescribeQueryBWCatalog
:= "CATALOG" "WHERE" "CUBENAME" ("EQ" | "LIKE") String
DescribeQueryBWGet
:= String "GET" ("MEASURES" | "VARIABLES" | "DIMENSIONS" | ("DIMENSIONS-PROPERTIES" ["OF"] String))
DescribeFunction
:= "FUNCTION" (DescribeFunctionCatalog | (String "GET" ("EXPORTS" | "IMPORTS" | DescribeFunctionTables)))
DescribeFunctionCatalog
:= "CATALOG" "WHERE" "FUNCTIONNAME" ("EQ" | "LIKE") String
DescribeFunctionTables
:= "TABLES" | (("TABLES-STRUCTURE" | "TABLES-DATATABLE") ["OF"] String)
DescribeStructure
:= "STRUCTURE" String
Into
:= "INTO" Variable
WithOptions
:= ("WITH" | "WITH-OPTIONS") "(" Settings ")"
Settings
:= Identifier "=" String {"," Identifier "=" String}
Tokens
------
Variable
:= "@" , Identifier
Identifier
:= (Letter | "_") , {Letter | Digit | "_" | "-" | "$"}
String
:= ("'" , {ANY-CHARACTER-EXCEPT-QUOTE | "''"} , "'") | (""" , {ANY-CHARACTER-EXCEPT-QUOTE | """"} , """)
StringPassThrough
:= ("[" , {ANY-CHARACTER-EXCEPT-QUOTE | "]]"} , "]") | ("|" , {ANY-CHARACTER-EXCEPT-QUOTE | "||"} , "|")
Number
:= ["-" | "+"] , DigitSequence , ["." , DigitSequence]
Integer
:= DigitSequence
DigitSequence
:= Digit , {Digit}
Digit
:= "0-9"
Letter
:= "A-Za-z"
Examples
Retrieve all columns of table MAKT, but no more than 10 rows:
SELECT TOP 10 * FROM MAKT;
Retrieve only certain columns of table MAKT (maximum 10 rows):
SELECT TOP 10 MATNR, MAKTX FROM MAKT
var example = true
