Datenquellen
SAP mit XQL
Die Definition des SAP-Zugriffs erfolgt über XQL. XQL ist eine einfache Beschreibungssprache. Im folgenden wird erklärt, wie du über XQL in SAP auf RFC-Funktionbsbausteine, Reports, Tabellen, Cubes und Queries zugreifen kannst. Um die Sache nicht zu kompliziert zu machen, enthält diese Seite möglichst viele Beispiele und weniger eine formale Beschreibung von XQL.
Tabellen-Zugriff
XtractQL
:= (SelectCommand | ExecuteCommand | DescribeCommand)
SelectCommand
:= "SELECT" [SelectResult] SelectFieldList "FROM" (SelectQuery | SelectQueryBW
| SelectTable)
SelectResult
:= "TOP" Integer ["SKIP" Integer]
SelectFieldList
:= "*" | (SelectField {"," SelectField})
SelectField
:= (Identifier | String | StringPassThrough) ["AS" (Identifier | String |
StringPassThrough)]
SelectQuery
:= "QUERY" String [Into] ["WHERE" SelectQueryCriteria {","
SelectQueryCriteria}] ["USING" String]
SelectQueryBW
:= "BWQUERY" String [Into] ["WHERE" SelectQueryCriteria {"," SelectQueryCriteria}]
SelectQueryCriteria
:= Identifier (("EQ" | "NE" | GT" | "LT" | "GE" | "LE" | "MP") (String | Variable) | ("IN" "(" SelectQueryCriteriaRange {[","] SelectQueryCriteriaRange} ")") | ("BT" (String | Variable) "AND" (String | Variable)))
SelectQueryCriteriaRange
:= "(" (("I" | "INCLUDE") | ("E" | "EXCLUDE")) "," (("EQ" | "NE" | GT" | "LT" | "GE" | "LE") | "LIKE") "," (String | Variable) ["," (String | Variable)] ")"
SelectTable
:= ["TABLE"] (String | Identifier) [Into] ["WHERE" SelectTableWhereExpression]) [WithOptions{CUSTOMFUNCTIONNAME}]
SelectTableWhereExpression
:= SelectTableWhereTerm {("AND" | "OR") SelectTableWhereTerm}
SelectTableWhereTerm
:= SelectTableWhereFactor | ("(" SelectTableWhereExpression ")")
SelectTableWhereFactor
:= Identifier (SelectTableWhereFactorOperator | SelectTableWhereFactorNull | (["NOT"] (SelectTableWhereFactorLike | SelectTableWhereFactorBetween | SelectTableWhereFactorIn)))
SelectTableWhereFactorOperator
:= ("EQ" | "NE" | "LT" | "GT" | "LE" | "GE") SelectTableWhereFactorValue
SelectTableWhereFactorNull
:= "IS" ["NOT"] "NULL"
SelectTableWhereFactorLike
:= "LIKE" (String | Variable)
SelectTableWhereFactorBetween
:= "BETWEEN" SelectTableWhereFactorValue "AND" SelectTableWhereFactorValue
SelectTableWhereFactorIn
:= "IN" "(" String {"," String} ")"
SelectTableWhereFactorValue
:= String | Integer | Number | Variable | Identifier
ExecuteCommand
:= "EXECUTE" (ExecuteMDX | ExecuteFunction)
ExecuteMDX
:= "MDX" StringPassThrough [Into]
ExecuteFunction
:= "FUNCTION" String [(Imports | Exports | Tables) {(Imports | Exports | Tables)}]
Imports
:= ("IMPORTS" | "IMPORTING") ImportsParameter {"," ImportsParameter}
ImportsParameter
:= Variable "=" Identifier
Exports
:= ("EXPORTS" | "EXPORTING") ExportsParameter {"," ExportsParameter}
ExportsParameter
:= Identifier "=" (String | Integer | Number | Variable)
Tables
:= "TABLES" TablesParameter {"," TablesParameter}
TablesParameter
:= Identifier ["=" (Variable | Table)] [Into]
Table
:= "(" TableMaps [","] TableValues {[","] TableValues} ")"
TableMaps
:= "(" Identifier {"," Identifier} ")"
TableValues
:= "(" String {"," String} ")"
DescribeCommand
:= "DESCRIBE" (DescribeTable | DescribeQuery | DescribeQueryBW | DescribeFunction | DescribeStructure) [Into]
DescribeTable
:= "TABLE" ((String ["GET" "FIELDS"]) | DescribeTableCatalog)
DescribeTableCatalog
:= "CATALOG" "WHERE" "TABLENAME" ("EQ" | "LIKE") String
DescribeQuery
:= "QUERY" (DescribeQueryGet | DescribeQueryCatalog | DescribeQueryUserGroup)
DescribeQueryGet
:= String "GET" ("FIELDS" | "VARIANTS" | "SELECTION-PARAMETERS")
DescribeQueryCatalog
:= "CATALOG" "WHERE" DescribeQueryCatalogParameter {"," DescribeQueryCatalogParameter}
DescribeQueryCatalogParameter
:= DescribeQueryWorkspace | ("USERGROUP" ("EQ" | "LIKE") String) | ("QUERYNAME" ("EQ" | "LIKE") String)
DescribeQueryUserGroup
:= "USERGROUP" "WHERE" DescribeQueryWorkspace
DescribeQueryWorkspace
:= "WORKSPACE" "EQ" String{G,S,GLOBAL,STANDARD}
DescribeQueryBW
:= "BWQUERY" (DescribeQueryBWGet | DescribeQueryBWCatalog)
DescribeQueryBWCatalog
:= "CATALOG" "WHERE" "CUBENAME" ("EQ" | "LIKE") String
DescribeQueryBWGet
:= String "GET" ("MEASURES" | "VARIABLES" | "DIMENSIONS" | ("DIMENSIONS-PROPERTIES" ["OF"] String))
DescribeFunction
:= "FUNCTION" (DescribeFunctionCatalog | (String "GET" ("EXPORTS" | "IMPORTS" | DescribeFunctionTables)))
DescribeFunctionCatalog
:= "CATALOG" "WHERE" "FUNCTIONNAME" ("EQ" | "LIKE") String
DescribeFunctionTables
:= "TABLES" | (("TABLES-STRUCTURE" | "TABLES-DATATABLE") ["OF"] String)
DescribeStructure
:= "STRUCTURE" String
Into
:= "INTO" Variable
WithOptions
:= ("WITH" | "WITH-OPTIONS") "(" Settings ")"
Settings
:= Identifier "=" String {"," Identifier "=" String}
Tokens
------
Variable
:= "@" , Identifier
Identifier
:= (Letter | "_") , {Letter | Digit | "_" | "-" | "$"}
String
:= ("'" , {ANY-CHARACTER-EXCEPT-QUOTE | "''"} , "'") | (""" , {ANY-CHARACTER-EXCEPT-QUOTE | """"} , """)
StringPassThrough
:= ("[" , {ANY-CHARACTER-EXCEPT-QUOTE | "]]"} , "]") | ("|" , {ANY-CHARACTER-EXCEPT-QUOTE | "||"} , "|")
Number
:= ["-" | "+"] , DigitSequence , ["." , DigitSequence]
Integer
:= DigitSequence
DigitSequence
:= Digit , {Digit}
Digit
:= "0-9"
Letter
:= "A-Za-z"
Beispiele
Alle Spalten der Tabelle MAKT abrufen, aber maximal 10 Zeilen:
SELECT TOP 10 * FROM MAKT;
nur bestimmte Spalten der Tabelle MAKT abrufen (maximal 10 Zeilen):
SELECT TOP 10 MATNR, MAKTX FROM MAKT
var example = true
